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Annex A Test Notation
A.1 Introduction
This annex is an integral part of this Recommendation and describes
the notation used in the test suite manuals.
The test notation described here is based on the test notation
called Tree and Tabular Combined Notation (TTCN) that has been
developed jointly by ISO and CCITT.
The notation described in this Recommendation is derived from an
early form of TTCN and has been developed specifically for use in
the MHS conformance testing specifications.
Each of the MHS test suites is specified in five parts:
- Declaration Part
- Dynamic Part
- Constraints Part
- Test Case Identification
- Cross-References
A.2 Declaration Part
The Declaration Part declares the environment and objects used in
the test suites and is composed of 7 sections:
- Test Configurations
- Test Suite Parameters (TSPs)
- Service Access Points (SAPs)
- Abstract Service Primitives (ASPs)
- Protocol Data Units (PDUs)
- Timers
- Abbreviations
A.2.1 Test Configurations
The points of control and observation are declared in this section.
A.2.2 Test Suite Parameters
Every MHS Test Suite has a set of parameters whose values are fixed
prior to testing and which are used to define a specific testing
environment.
TSPs are declared in tabular form as shown in Figure A-1/X.403.
Figure A-1/X.403 Test Suite Parameters.
By convention the name of each Test Suite Parameter in the MHS test
suites is of the form:
TSP_<name>
A.2.3 Service Access Points (SAPs)
Service Access Points are used as points of control and observation
in the MHS Test Suites and are declared in tabular form as shown in
Figure A-2/X.403.
Figure A-2/X.403 Service Access Points.
By convention the name of a SAP in the MHS Test Suites is generally
one capital letter, such as T, U, V (for tester SAPs) or I, J, K
(for IUT SAPs).
A.2.4 Abstract Service Primitives
Each ASP type and its associated parameters used in a test suite is
declared in tabular form as shown in Figure A-3/X.403.
Figure A-3/X.403 Abstract Service Primitives.
The name of the ASP is specified in the "ASP" field and is derived
from the corresponding name in the X.400 Series of Recommendations.
The SAP at which the ASP occurs is specified in the "SAP" field.
The parameters of the ASP are declared in the "NAME" column
together with information in "RANGE OF VALUES OR TYPE", "COMMENTS"
and "Conditional/Mandatory" columns.
Since there are no IPMS(P2) ASPs defined in the Recommendations, in
order to describe conformance tests it has been necessary to
construct hypothetical ASPs at the upper boundary of the User Agent
Layer. This does not imply, however that manufacturers are required
to implement these ASPs within their systems. It serves only to
formalize the requirements for observation and invocation of IPMS
service elements by the use of these new ASPs. The relation between
IPMS service elements and the actual behaviour of the IUT has to be
specified in the implementation-dependent PIXIT.
A.2.5 Protocol Data Units
The PDU types used in test suites are declared in the form of
tables as shown in Figure A-4/X.403. These PDUs are not defined
explicitly in the test suite, but are given a precise reference to
the full definition in the X.400 Recommendations, in the type name
section of the table.
Figure A-4/X.403 Protocol Data Units.
A.2.6 Timers
This section declares the timers to be used. Timer values are
expressions in terms of Test Suite Parameters, and are fixed for
the whole test suite. Timer values are declared in tabular form as
shown in figure A-5/X.403.
Figure A-5/X.403 Timers.
A.2.7 Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in the Test Suite are defined in the form of a
table as shown in Figure A-6/X.403.
Figure A-6/X.403 Abbreviations.
A.3 Dynamic Part
The Dynamic Part defines the test cases of a test suite in terms of
trees of behaviour.
Sections A.3.1 and A.3.2 describe generally how trees of behaviour
are defined.
Section A.3.3 describes the content and use of Defaults Library.
Section A.3.4 describes the content and use of Test Step Library.
Section A.3.5 describes how each test case in the main body of a
test suite is specified.
A.3.1 Proforma table for Test Behaviours
Figure A-7/X.403 Behaviour Description.
<title> BEHAVIOUR:
Title of the behaviour: DEFAULT for the Default Library;
DYNAMIC for the Test Step Library and test cases.
IDENTIFIER:
This provides a unique identifier for the behaviour
description.
DEFAULTS:
This lists the identifiers of default behaviour descriptions
which are to be used in conjunction with the Dynamic behaviour
shown in the "BEHAVIOUR DESCRIPTION" part.
BEHAVIOUR DESCRIPTION:
Test behaviour is defined using a tree notation as described
in A.3.2.
LABEL:
The LABELS column may be used to identify events. Branches
between events (i.e. "GO TO") are specified by " > Label" in
the behaviour tree.
CONSTRAINTS REFERENCE:
For each ASP event of a behaviour tree line, this column gives
the reference to the specific ASP value defined in the
Constraints Part.
COMMENTS:
This column provides comments which ease understanding of the
events. Additional comments may be given in the "Extended
Comments" area. This column can also be used to identify test
PDUs associated with test events.
RESULT:
This column indicates which test events generate test verdicts.
Values of test verdicts are:
- pass: no misbehaviour of the IUT is detected.
- fail: misbehaviour of the IUT is detected.
- inconclusive: the observed behaviour does not allow the
assignment of a pass or fail verdict.
A.3.2 Tree notation for test behaviours.
Trees of behaviour are defined in terms of events which are
generally of the form
<SAP>!<event>
or of the form
<SAP>?<event>
The <SAP> is the point of control and observation at which the
<event> occurs. The SAPs used are those declared in the Declaration
Part.
The "!" symbol indicates that the event is sent from the SAP and
"?" indicates that the event is received at the SAP.
The <event> can be
- an ASP event
- a timer event
- a OTHERWISE pseudo-event.
A.3.2.1 Single ASP events.
If the <event> is an ASP event then the names for the ASPs are
those specified in the Declaration Part (the value is specified as
a reference in the CONSTRAINTS REFERENCE column).
Example line for an ASP event:
I?DELind
This means that a Deliver Indication is received at
the IUT's SAP I.
A.3.2.2 Single Timer events.
If <event> is a timer event then it is of the form
<operation> <parameters>
The "start" operation can take one of two forms:
Start <timer type>
Start (<timer type>,<timer id>)
Where <timer type> is defined in the Declaration Part and has a
fixed value associated with it defined in terms of TSPs. The <timer
id> allows a name to be attached to an instance of a timer type.
The other operations are:
Cancel: cancels a running or suspended timer
Suspend: suspends a running timer
Resume: resumes a suspended timer
Timeout: expiration of a running timer
These operations take one of two forms:
<operation> <timer type>
<operation> <timer id>
where <operation> denotes the operation. When the timer was started
using the form "Start <timer type>", the form "<operation> <timer
type>" must be used; when the timer was started using the form
"Start <timer id>", the form "<operation> <timer id>" must be used.
Example:
I!Start T/I-timer_1
means that at the IUT's SAP I the T/I-timer_1 (e.g. for a
transmission time for a UAPDU to be transferred from the tester
to the IUT's user) is started.
I?Timeout T/I-timer_1
means that at the IUT's SAP I the timeout of the above timer is
received.
A.3.2.3 Single OTHERWISE events.
If <event> is the OTHERWISE pseudo-event, this indicates an
unspecified event.
Example:
T?OTHERWISE
Means that at the tester's SAP T an unspecified event
is received.
A.3.2.4 Trees of behaviour
Trees of behaviour combine events in two ways:
- as sequences of events
- as alternative events
The two combination kinds are distinguished by indented and
vertical alignment respectively.
Example of a sequence of events:
I!SUBreq
I?SUBcon
T?TRNind
This means that first at the SAP I a Submission Request is
sent, then at the same SAP a Submission Confirmation is
received, after which a Transfer Indication is received at the
tester's SAP T.
Example of alternative events:
T?DELind
T?Timeout I/T-timer
This means that at SAP T either a Deliver Indication is
received or alternatively the timeout is received there.
To build up a complex behaviour tree, the two kinds of combination
can be mixed.
Example:
This means that after sending a Submission Request at I, either
a Submission Confirmation is received at I, followed by the
receipt of a Transfer Indication at T, or a Disconnect
Indication is received at T.
A.3.3 Defaults Library
General default behaviours which are used by several test cases are
defined in the Defaults Library using the format shown in figure
A-8/X.403. The name of the default is of the form:
LIB_<name>
or
LIB_<name> [X]
where X is a place holder which is replaced by an actual SAP when
applying the default element in a particular Test Case.
Note:
Where particular default behaviour applies to a single test case
only the behaviour table is associated with that test case and the
identifier is not prefixed with "LIB_".
Figure A-8/X.403 Default Behaviour.
A.3.4 Test Step Library
Where a sequence of test steps is of use in several test cases they
can be included in the Test Step Library and given a name of the
form:
LIB_<name>
Note:
Where a test step applies to a single test case the behaviour table
is associated with that test case and the identifier is not
prefixed with "LIB_".
Figure A-9/X.403 Test Step Behaviour.
A.3.5 Test Case
Each test case in the main body of the test suite is described in
terms of three headings (a) - (c), and a behaviour tree (d)
(a) Test Reference and Test Identifier
These elements give a unique reference and identifier for each
test case and are described fully in section A.5.
(b) Summary
A brief overview of the purpose of the test is provided.
(c) Test Description (optional)
This provides an informal description of the actions and events
that should take place during the test and an informal verdict
criteria.
(d) Behaviour Tree
Dynamic behaviour is described using the tree notation defined
in section A.3.2.
Figure A-10/X.403 Test Case Behaviour.
Note 1: In this field all Default Library Identifiers used are
inserted. Where necessary, the SAP at which they are applied
is also identified. If for example the field contains the
entry:
LIB_unexpected [T]
it means that the subtree associated with this Default
Behaviour is considered to be associated with the SAP T.
Note 2: Test Step Library behaviour is included in the behaviour
tree using the following notation:
+ <Test Step Library Identifier>
Note 3: The behaviour tree of every Test Case provides the
verdicts pass, fail, and where appropriate inconclusive.
Note 4: When using Default Library elements it is possible
that some of the verdict alternatives are "hidden" in the
Default Library element.
A.4 Constraints Part
The Constraints Part of a Test Suite specifies the values and their
encoding of all instances of ASPs, Test PDUs, Base PDUs and Library
Components. The Constraints Parts is divided into the following
sections:
- Introduction to Constraints Part
- ASP Constraints
- Test PDU Constraints
- Base PDU Constraints
- Components Library
Figure A-11/X.403 The structure of the Constraints Part.
A.4.1 ASP Constraints
Values of ASPs are defined as specific instances of a generic ASP.
A.4.1.1 Specification of a "Generic" ASP
A generic ASP is defined using the format shown in Figure A-12/X.403.
Figure A-12/X.403 Generic ASP specification.
The "FIELDS" column is used to list all the parameters of the ASP.
The "VALUE or REFERENCE" column is used to specify a value for each
parameter and this can be done in four ways:
(a) As a reference which can be a TSP name or a library component
name.
(b) As an explicit value.
(c) As "-" to indicate that this parameter may be omitted in
specific instances of this ASP.
(d) As "?" to indicate that for "request" ASP's this parameter must
have a value defined in a specific instance if it is a component
of interest.
A.4.1.2 Specification of ASP Instances
Specific values of ASPs are defined using the tabular format shown
in Figure A-13/X.403.
Figure A-13/X.403 Specific ASP value.
The "INSTANCE NAME" column is used to identify specific instances
of the ASP used in the test suite.
The "MODIFIED PARAMETER" column identifies, for "request" ASP's
those parameters whose values are to be modified from the generic
ASP specification, and for "notification" ASP's those parameters
whose values are to be checked.
The "VALUE or REFERENCE" column can contain either specific values
or references to library components ASPs or test PDUs.
A.4.2 Specifying PDU values
The MHS test suite contains a large number of test PDU values. Each
PDU is defined in terms of modifications to one of the small number
of "base" PDUs.
For convenience commonly used PDU components are defined in a
library and are referenced by test PDUs and base PDUs.
A.4.3 Base PDUs
A.4.3.1 Base PDU specification
Base PDUs are not themselves used as test PDUs but they serve as a
basis from which to derive the test PDUs. Usually only a few Base
PDUs need to be specified.
The name of a Base PDU is of the form:
BASE_<PDUtypename>_<number>
An example of a Base PDU is shown below.
Example:
The value or value reference of each element of the structure is
specified within square brackets ("[" and "]") under the VALUE or
REFERENCE heading.
When specifying the encoding of a PDU for encoding/decoding
tests,two additional columns are used to specify the ID Code [ID]
and Length Indicator [LI] of each element of the PDU. The format
for doing this is shown in the example below.
The values of ID and LI can be specified explicitly to allow
invalid and various forms of valid codings to be defined. The
mnemonic "LI" is used to indicate that any valid encoding of length
is allowed.
A.4.3.2 Identifying the components to be modified
A component which is to be replaced in a PDU is identified by a
path through the declaration of the PDU. The path is written as a
list of elements, each separated from the next by a ".". The
elements in the list can be labels which appear in a BASE PDU,
components which appear in the left-hand side of a labeled
declaration, or components which appear in the left-hand side of
the expansion of a library reference in the right-hand side of a
declaration.
For example, consider the following definitions:
In order to reference "a", the path would be instance_1.a.
In order to reference "e", the path would be instance_1.b.d.e.
A.4.4 Test PDUs
Test PDUs are defined in terms of operations on Base PDU's. These
operations refer to Library Components, TSPs or specific values.
There are two kinds of test PDU:
- PDUs sent by the tester (IUT as recipient)
By convention the names of these PDUs are of the form
<PDU name>_x_<number>
where x is the number of the base PDU from which the test PDU is
derived.
- PDUs received by the tester (IUT as originator)
By convention the names of these PDUs are of the form
<PDU name>_0_<number>
where "0" indicates that these test PDUs are not derived from a
base PDU.
A.4.4.1 Test PDUs sent by the tester
A test PDU sent by the tester to the IUT is normally constructed
from a Base PDU by means of the REPLACE operation.
The specification has the form:
For the conventions of value assignments see section A.4.6.
Example:
To construct invalid components in test PDUs to be sent by the
tester, the abstract REDEFINE operation is sometimes used. It is
used together with the REPLACE operation in the following form:
The scope of the newly defined type is restricted to the PDU
definition containing the REDEFINE operation.
Note that if the <value> is a reference to an element defined
elsewhere (i.e. a TSP or a Library Component), then the new type
definition does not affect the referenced element itself but only
its usage in the actual PDU.
Example:
The error to be constructed here is the wrong tag of the ORName
type (the correct tag would be [APPLICATION 0]). The scope of the
erroneous type-definition constructed by "REDEFINE" is restricted
to all occurrences of ORName in the definition of IM_UAPDU_1_3.
This means that L_ORDescriptor_1 is used here with the modified
ORName type, whereas the usage of this library component in other
PDUs or components remains unaltered.
A.4.4.2 Test PDUs received by the tester
For received PDUs normally only a portion of the PDU relates to the
purpose of the test.
A component of interest is identified and its value assigned using
the techniques described in A.4.3.
The specification scheme has the following form:
Example:
A.4.5 Component Library
Components of PDUs are defined in the library and are referenced in
Base PDU specifications, Test PDU specifications and by other
library components.
The name of a Library Component is of the form:
L_<ASN.1 type name>_<number>
and is specified using the techniques described in A.4.3.
Example:
A.4.6 Value Conventions
The following conventions are used when defining values or value
references for PDU components.
Value references identify components defined either within the
Component Library or within the Test Suite Parameters section.
CharacterString Values can specified within double-quotes (eg
"abc"); Bit String Values are specified within single-quotes (eg
'0A'H or '0001'B; hexadecimal or binary notation); Integer Values
are specified as numeric characters (eg 2); sets and sequences of
values are specified within curly brackets separated by comma (eg
{"abc",'0A'H}).
For PDU's sent by the tester :
[ ? ] indicates that the value has no influence on the test and
may be anything that is legal according to the relevant
service or protocol standard.
[ - ] indicates that the parameter shall be absent.
[ * ] indicates that the value is to be inserted by the tester
before test execution.
For PDU's received by the tester :
[ ? ] indicates that the tester need make no verification of the
value of the parameter .
[ - ] indicates that the tester shall check that the parameter
is absent.
Note that the "?" and "-" symbols in value assignments of PDU
components have got other meanings than "?" and "-" in generic ASP
schedules.
A.5 Test Case Identification
Test cases are completely identified using four components:
- a test group identifier.
- a subgroup identifier.
- a validity identifier.
- a test number.
These four components are specified in two equivalent ways:
- As a Test Reference where the four components are textual and
descriptive.
Example:
OriginalEncodedInfoTypeIndication/Recipient/Valid/2
- As a Test Identifier where the four components are numeric and
concise.
Example:
307.2.1.2
A.5.1 IPMS(P2) and MTS(P1) identification
A.5.1.1 Test Groups
Number ranges have been allocated for the test groups as shown
below:
Initial Tests 001 - 099
X.409 Tests 100 - 199
Protocol Elements Tests 200 - 299
(for frequently occurring Elements)
X.400 Service Elements Tests 300 - 399
Additional Tests 400 - 499
A.5.1.2 Subgroups
Numeric identifiers have been allocated to the test subgroups as
shown below:
Originator 1
Recipient 2
encode 1
decode 2
Relay 3
Relaying-Recipient 4
Relaying-Originator 5
A.5.1.3 Validity identifiers
Test cases which exercise valid behaviour are distinguished from
those which exercise the IUT's reaction to invalid behaviour using
the numeric identifiers shown below:
Valid 1
Invalid 2
A.5.1.4 Test case numbers
Test cases for a particular group/subgroup/validity are numbered
sequentially.
A.5.2 RTS Identification
A.5.2.1 Test Groups
Number ranges have been allocated for the test groups as shown
below:
Association Establishment 1
Association Release 2
Data Transfer 3
Association Recovery 4
X.409 Tests 5
A.5.2.2 Subgroups
Numeric identifiers have been allocated to the RTS subgroups as
shown below:
Initiator 1
Responder 2
Sender 1
Receiver 2
A.5.2.3 Validity identifiers
Test cases which exercise valid behaviour are distinguished from
those which exercise the IUT's reaction to invalid and inopportune
behaviour using the numeric identifiers shown below:
Valid 1
Invalid 2
Inopportune 3
A.6 Cross Referencing
A.6.1 Cross Reference Numbering
The MTS(P1) and IPMS(P2) test suites contain a cross referencing
system for the ASPs, test PDUs and library components. The cross
referencing appears in the left and right margins of the test suite
as shown in Figure A-14/X.403.
Figure A-14/X.403 Cross referencing.
Numbers in the left hand margin of the test suite are in sequential
order and are "place identifiers". They occur whenever an ASP, test
PDU or library component occurs in the test suite.
Whenever an ASP, test PDU or library component occurs, numbers are
also placed in the right hand margin. These numbers are forward and
backward references to the place identifiers of the other
occurrences of the ASP, test PDU or library component.
Where a forward or backward reference can not be found then a dot
(".") is printed in the right hand margin. This should not occur in
fully defined test suites.
Where a line in the test suite contains more than one ASP, test PDU
or library component, the cross references for each item in the
line are separated by vertical bars (" ") in the right hand margin
as shown in Figure A-15/X.403.
Figure A-15/X.403 Multiple cross references.
A.6.2 Cross Reference Listing
At the end of MTS(P1) and IPMS(P2) test suites there is a separate
cross reference listing of all the ASPs, test PDUs and library
components together with the place identifiers of all their
occurrences in the test suite.
Example:
:
:
IM_UAPDU_1_14 586 1467
IM_UAPDU_1_15 587 1470
:
:
The numbers on the right side indicate the places where the item
occurs in the test suite.
Annex B IPMS(P2) PICS Proformas
B.1 General
As a prerequisite to conformance testing the supplier of an
IPMS(P2) implementation must provide a Protocol Implementation
Conformance Statement (PICS).
The proforma IPMS(P2) PICS contained in this Annex specifies the
information to be supplied.
This information is needed for test case selection. Suppliers
should note that tests will be performed to check that services
shown as not supported are in fact not present rather than
improperly implemented.
The IPMS(P2) PICS is in two parts:
- a part requesting information concerning the support of service
elements,
- a part requesting information concerning the support of
protocol elements.
Information on service element support is requested in tabular form
where, for each service element,
- the status of the service element is indicated as mandatory
(M), optional (O) or not applicable (-) in columns labelled
"STD",
- the actual support of the service element by the implementation
on origination and reception is indicated by the supplier in
columns labelled "IMP".
Information on protocol element support is requested in tabular
form where, for each protocol element,
- the status of the protocol element on origination and reception
is indicated as mandatory (M) or optional (O) in columns
labelled "STD",
- any implementation constraints are indicated in the column
labelled "CONST STD" where constraints are interpreted as a
minimum for reception and a maximum for origination,
- the actual support of the protocol element by the
implementation on origination and on reception is indicated by
the supplier in the column labelled "STATUS IMP",
- the actual constraints of the implementation on origination and
on reception is indicated by the supplier in the columns
labelled "CONST IMP".
Constraints may be expressed as a length or size (octets,
bits,...), a value (32k-1) or a number of occurrences (4)
depending on the element being constrained.
B.2 IPMS(P2) PICS Service Elements Proforma
The requirements of the X.400 Recommendations are shown in the STD
columns of the proforma using the following keys:
M : Mandatory element (X.401 Basic or Essential Optional)
O : Optional element (X.401 Additional Optional)
- : Not applicable service element
Suppliers of an implementation should use the IMP columns in the
proforma to specify information concerning the support of service
elements. For convenience it is suggested that suppliers need only
indicate with an "X" those service elements that are not supported.
Table: B-1/X.403 IPMS(P2) Service Elements Proforma (Part 1 of 2)
Table: B-1/X.403 IPMS(P2) Service Elements Proforma (Part 2 of 2)
B.3 IPMS(P2) PICS Protocol Elements Proformas
The requirements of the X.400 Recommendations are shown in the
STATUS STD columns of the proformas in Tables B-2/X.403 to
B-4/X.403 using the following keys:
M : Mandatory element (X.401 Basic or Essential Optional)
O : Optional element (X.401 Additional Optional)
Protocol elements which correspond directly to service elements are
indicated as mandatory if their corresponding service elements are
shown in X.401 (1984) as Basic or Essential Optional, and as
optional if their corresponding service elements are shown in X.401
(1984) as Additional Optional. Other protocol elements are
indicated as mandatory or optional according to their designation
in the UAPDU definitions in X.420 (1984).
The pragmatic constraints of the X.400 Implementor's Guide are
shown in the CONST STD columns of the proformas in Tables B-2/X.403
to B-4/X.403.
Suppliers of an implementation should use:
- the STATUS IMP columns in each proforma to specify information
concerning the support of protocol elements. For convenience it
is suggested that suppliers need only indicate with an "X" those
protocol elements that are not supported.
- the CONST IMP columns in each proforma to specify the actual
constraints of the implementation.
Table: B-2/X.403 ORDescriptor proforma.
Table: B-3/X.403 IM-UAPDU proforma (part 1 of 3)
Table: B-3/X.403 IM-UAPDU proforma (part 2 of 3)
Table: B-3/X.403 IM-UAPDU proforma (part 3 of 3)
Table: B-4/X.403 SR-UAPDU proforma